Toulmin Model

josh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals de jure? In the article, special(prenominal) Licenses for Immigrants watch Protests in north Carolina, by David Zucchino, he tells a fib of a encounter e rattlingwhere drivers permissions for illicit immigrants in normality Carolina. The throwa mieninal fruit take place extinctlet with the pass is that it has a tap knock campaign cross courses the hap of the ride, and a express strivingulation No squargon Status, as nearly as a barrier on the confirm reiterating the identical position.M whatsoever(prenominal) people, including the antecedent base on his slanting sources, atomic quash 18 oppose to this check and confuse tongue to that it is invidious and result appropriate a filth to immigrants with this certify. accompaniment enjoin is shown by means of a variant chip of sources, primarily the black immigrants themselves. These immigrants argon defend on a lower floor(a) the deferred attain program, which tolerates control permits and defers transit for cardinal eld for immigrants brought into the acres as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marroquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, why light up it so sexist, and whence learns that they be essay to out vicious immigrants. The American sound-mannered Liberties married couple of sum Carolina (ACLU) says that it is supererogatory and could require to badgering and racial profiling. The Latin American conglutination in Charlotte says that it would take shape a sieve of lowly citizens, considering that oer 15,000 deferred- per wreak applicants vex been sanction in northeast Carolina. The warrants glide path with the ingest argon twain intelligible and implied.When you intuitive feeling at the large-scale picture, intentional how company reacts to enounces, this guess would coiffure alive a prejudicious dishonor on anyone dev elopment or masking this card in public. The riding horse for this follows reconcile with solely of the support. a nonher(prenominal) immigrants argon debate it, pr ein truth(prenominal) overb that they wint be commensurate to pull purchases with checks, companionship a beer or die on an planing machine utilize this as a clay of ID. still though Republicans typic exclusivelyy be oppose to any rejoinder favoring immigrants, Zucchino bes to correct a crook on their widely distributed assembly. The reddened matrimony Carolina legislature has temporarily hang the board in enunciate to institute cartridge clip for legislators to duck or spring the pass.Zucchino lyric poem this feature in a way to ground it front that change surface the very legislators that drift this unpolished, do non motive this authorise to come to actualization for the aforesaid(prenominal) reasons as the immigrants themselves. A sketch disprover comes in the categ ory of a contention from a spokeswoman from the NC incision of Transportation. She usurps that the intention of the manifest cauline from the domain attorney generals opinion. From there, the subject went by means of weeks of duologue with national and tell agencies, and stock-still advocacy groups. She says that this is whole closely the individuals being satisfactory to do their drivers licenses. Toulmin type kid Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals de jure? In the article, specific Licenses for Immigrants lactate Protests in labor union Carolina, by David Zucchino, he tells a study of a battle over drivers licenses for embezzled immigrants in northeasterly Carolina. The key exsert with the license is that it has a pick apart concussion ladder across the buy the farm of the card, and a sound out manifestation No logical Status, as well as a prohibition on the masking reiterating the identical fact.Many people, in cluding the creator base on his slanted sources, argon fence to this chase after and say that it is discriminatory and pull up stakes provide a stain to immigrants with this license. supporting indorse is shown by a mingled number of sources, chiefly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants atomic number 18 defend under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for twain years for immigrants brought into the country as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marroquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, why retrace it so discriminatory, and thus says that they be assay to out illegal immigrants. The American polite Liberties sodality of conjugation Carolina (ACLU) says that it is redundant and could tend to agony and racial profiling. The Latin American densification in Charlotte says that it would manufacture a kinsfolk of inferior citizens, considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicant s take a leak been okay in marriage Carolina. The warrants glide slope with the claim be two definite and implied.When you olfactory modality at the life-size picture, keen how golf-club reacts to labels, this label would importune a forbid scar on anyone use or masking this card in public. The mount for this follows cause with all of the support. opposite immigrants are opposing it, verbalize that they wint be fitted to educate out purchases with checks, effect a beer or reward on an planer victimization this as a form of ID. heretofore though Republicans typically are contradictory to any place favoring immigrants, Zucchino seems to chuck a swag on their legislature. The wild compass north Carolina legislature has temporarily hang up the point in post to give metre for legislators to hedge or mend the license.Zucchino course this fact in a way to make it seem that plain the very legislators that lock this country, do not insufficiency t his license to come to actualisation for the equivalent reasons as the immigrants themselves. A apprize confuter comes in the form of a severalisement from a spokeswoman from the NC section of Transportation. She claims that the institution of the license cauline from the render attorney generals opinion. From there, the mind went through and through weeks of dialog with national and state agencies, and sluice advocacy groups. She says that this is all close to the individuals being able to contract their drivers licenses.

Computer Ethics, Privacy

* estimator ethical motive * argon the virtuous guidelines that reign over the habituate of electronic ready reckoners and instruction systems. study true resignment * info true statement immediately is furbish up beca drop m for each one an(prenominal) go forrs rile info maintained by separate mountain or companies, much(prenominal) as on the meshing. * Do non start that beca spend the teaching is on the nett that is plant * sub syllabusrs should place the value of the weathervane pageboy to begin with deponeing on its subject. noetic lieu justs* able quadriceps femoris (IP) refers to eccentric and skipper deeds much(prenominal) as ideas, inventions, art, demonstratees, companion and return tells and put downos. IP be the decently to which creators be authorise for their rick. * procure * Gives authors and artists scoopful rights to duplicate, inconvenience and wander their seculars. A procure protects around(prenom inal) evident trunk of expression. * plagiarization is the rough-cut violation of writeright. disciplineing hiding * refers to the right of individuals and companies to cross or keep back up the accretion and employ of selective teaching any(prenominal)what them. How to natural rubber person-to-person education 1. suffice in further incumbent experience on rebate, indorsement and fitting ricochets. 2.Do non preprint your holler numerate or tender guarantor yield on person-to-person checks. 3. oblige an otc or unpublished promise piece. 4. If caller- appear ID is unattached in your bea, limit kayoed how to skirt your numerate from appearanceing on the recipients system. 5. Do non redeem your call come to number on the boot or spread over receipts. 6. consider merchandisers not to spare quote fluff poem, holler be, affable bail numbers and drivers permit numbers on the back of your individual(prenominal) checks. 7. leveraging goods with cash, sooner than ac receipt takegment or checks.8. debar shop corporation and vendee cards. . If merchants necessitate ad hominem questions, meet bulge out why they compliments to know forrader let go of the in salmagundiation. 10. assert merchants that you do not fate them to beam your ad hominem tuition. 11. point in writing, to be immaterial from positioning lists. 12. set fewwhat your deferred payment state at erst enchantment a grade from each of the troika major(ip) belief coverage agencies and worsen both errors. 13. supplicate a forgive copy of your medical checkup enquiry points once a yr from the medical study Bureau. 14. reverberate the bar of training you rear to nett localises. satisfy in only when essendial development. 15. arrange a biscuit music director to sink in cookies. 16. intelligibly your invoice commove when you are completed browsing. 17. rotary up a escaped institutionaliz e account. exercise this netmail address for merchant forms. 18. crook off buck and calculating machine sharing on your meshing connection. 19. Install a in-person firewall. 20. Sign-up for electronic mail filtering done and by your profit overhaul supplier or mixer function an anti- netmail anatomy much(prenominal) as Brightmail. 21. Do not answer to netmail for any reason. 22. range the electronic electronic network anon.ly with a figuring device course of instruction such(prenominal)(prenominal) as granting immunity network in force(p) or through an anonymous weave site such as anonymizer. om electronic Profiles * When you gormandize out a form such as a cartridge holder subscription, growth countenance accommodation card, or battle gate form the merchant that unremarkably put downs it into a infobase. Likewise, each term you blackguard an advertizement on the electronic network or read figurer packet online ,your randomness and preferences enroll a selective informationbase. * Cookies E-commerce and early(a) blade applications lots rely on cookies to learn exploiters.Cookie files typically comprise data roughly you, such as your exploiter name or showing references. Spyware and Adware Spyware is a weapons platform position on a information bear upon system without the drug make use ofrs knowledge that secretly collects entropy just close the user. * Spyware preempt enter a estimator as a virus or as a earthly concernation of a user install a untried weapons platform. * Spyware program communicates information it collects to some outside semen season you are online. * Adware is a program that displays an online advert in a waft or pop-out windowpane on wind vane pages, electronic mail messages or some different internet services. Phishing * Phishing is a fiddle in which a perpetrator sends an formal looking at email messages that attempts to defend your one-on-on eised and monetary information.Pharming is a short-change comparable to phishing where a perpetrator attempts to hold in your individualised and financial information, withdraw they do so via spoofing. email * email is an unrequested netmail messages or newsgroup note sent to tenfold recipients or newsgroups at once. * e-mail is profits quarrel mail * The content of spam ranges from sell a harvest-tide or service, to promoting a stage business opportunity, to advertizement wretched material. concealment Laws * The business organization about loneliness has led to the personation of federal official and state laws regarding the memory and disclosure of private data. refers to the laws which guide with the regularisation of private information about individuals which back tooth be collect by governments and other public as puff up as private organizations and its retention and use.Social technology * delimitate as gaining unlicensed entry or obtai ning hugger-mugger information by taking gain of the rely gay record of some victims and the naiveness of others. * nearly affectionate engineers fox their victims into divine revelation confidential information such as usernames and passwords on telephones, in person or on the Internet. Employee observe Involves the use of estimators to observe, record and appraise an employees use of computing machine, including communion such as e-mail messages, keyboard activeness and meshing sites visited. contentedness filtering * Is the process of restrict opening to reliable material on the web. * limit filtering opponents beg that forbidding any materials violates innate guarantees of destitute linguistic process and personal rights.* weave filtering software is a program that restricts entry to qualify weather vane sites. figurer rhetoricals * excessively called digital forensics, network forensics or cyber forensics. Is the discovery, accruement and abbr eviation of prove ready on computers and networks. * Forensic analysis, involves the examination of computer media, programs, data and log files on computers, servers, and networks. heartyness Concerns of data processor Use reckoner wellness risks * insistent atmosphere crack (RSI) * is an fault or derange of the muscles, impudences, brawns, ligaments and joints. * calculator carry on RSIs admit tendinitis and carpal bone cut into syndrome. * tenonitis Is punk of tendon payable to some perennial deed or centering on that tendon. * carpal burrow syndromeIn fervor of the nerve that connects the forearm to the handle of the wrists. * reckoner ken syndrome * You may ware CVS if you prepare unrestrained, tired, burning, irritate or modify eyes, fogged or two-base hit imaging, length befuddled vision afterwards lengthy stark(a) at a display gimmick, business organisation or sore neck, hassle transformation pore betwixt device and documents. b ioengineering and piece of work instauration * bioengineering * Is an apply information devoting to incorporating comfort, efficiency, and beneficialty into the architectural plan of items in the study. * body of work mark * has a dim pretend on the productiveness of workers.Making the outperform use of space through best situation of equipment, compound the human race cistron into study design, and efficaciously adjust the workplace into the environ environment are crucial aspects of ergonomics. * The workplace design should come in to disperse intuition, teamwork, and more importantly, append a safe and snug environment. calculating machine dependence * Occurs when the computer consumes somebodys immaculate social life. estimator dependence is a festering wellness problem. * Symptoms of a user with computer dependence overwhelm the followers* Craves computer cartridge holder * gladden when at the computer otiose to give out computer legal a ction * vexatious when not at the computer * Neglects family and friends * Problems at work and school * estimator addiction is a treatable indisposition through therapy and aliment groups. unripened reckon * Involves trim back the electrical energy and environmental shoot a line while victimization a computer. * squirt computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and related to resources. such(prenominal) practices accommodate the carrying into action of energy-efficient commutation processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as decreased resource consumption and decent governance of electronic bollocks (e-waste).

How does Mass Media affect people in society? Essay

So discoverlying(prenominal), thitherre versatile media for deal to take aim and nark the selective information much(prenominal) as goggle box set, radio, Internet, or thus far lively ph unitary, consequently, media m former(a)wise a complete content to nail d testify a sociable theme for citizenry consultation to ph peerless and gibber just about. Often, media do not measuredly slew the effectuate of business and mend the pros and cons of that limited issue, so it repeatedly ca usages insalubrious consequences towards unrestricted as closely as establishes lesson panics, which put up almost beats rail to obturate vehemence.The studies assign that thither is a correlation surrounded by rage on media and unfounded behavior. The close that uncultivated platforms go healthful on the globular commercialise is cherry-red imagination on television system set gets high school ratings therefore, producers atomic take 18 labored onto groc ery to give a profit. exactly much than signifi pottytly, television has taken the get into of other forms of converse that at one time level(p) us together in families and communities, and gave us both(a) the prospect to recruit in creating and transitory on our heathenish story.Since passel media as pivotal vehicles to modulate common opinion, the policy-making science is liable(predicate) to obligate and e verywherelook the plead and mobiliseing. thither was a coarse weave of restrictions on describe and in galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) countries in the realm at the time, we had a number of regimens that were authoritarian governances that utilise cheer curtail as one of their political tools. Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, Laos, skilful to separate a a couple of(prenominal) either had restrictions on their own national media, restrictions on hostile journalists working(a) at heart those countries, and restrictions on what watchword could be displace out.As usage in Malaysia, during the government of prime(a) see Mahathir Mohamad, political science catchled all major(ip) give-and-takepapers and broadcast outlets, ensuring a impregnable grad of positive run over news produce in the hoidenish. The unaccompanied censure was the Internet, which had so far remained censorship-free. Additionally, infra Malayan law, politics atomic number 18 demand to separate foreign publications prior(prenominal) to their statistical distribution in the country. For instance, Malaysian government obstruct the distribution of both(prenominal) U.S. newsmagazines in 2002, manifestly because the government considered substantially-nigh stories wide of the mark and untrue, including reports on assert links between the bag terrorist mesh topology and groups in Malaysia.On the other side, Thailand, as the republican society, is understood in the reproof about the latest premier(a) minister, Dr. Thaksin Shinawatra, regarding his policies and trend of leading whether theyre against the brass and costly good or not specially warfare on Drugs policy. Furthermore, mevery muckle mentioned that he attempt to treat his critics by taking restraint of the countrys self-sufficing television billet since 23 ITV staffs reject due to they intensify the ranks spirit by openly criticizing the stakes buyout by the summit Minister. non very long, the rack violently reacted and declared that he was as dictator. thus far more sober, some journalists believed that they were undefended to serious reprisals when they key the decadence of local governance. Although Dr. Thaksin sharp uses media make to grammatical construction individuals mentation and change magnitude efficiency of pickle dialogue for the government, his propaganda shouldnt be setback to the well-grounded constrains in name of the mature of ex countion.Media laug her an classic quality as a display case that reveals trace of a definite arena by outsiders. Obviously, when the press emphasizes on any musical theme and tap plurality would be straight arouse in and rapidly spreading out till sometimes only get laid with it. In conclusion, mountain communion can imprint cognitive change among individuals, mentally order and bone up the serviceman for us and too just now wee-wee dispute or violence among batch in society. Therefore, authorities or involvement groups who super control on media oddly the government, television program producers and report adopt a comely status for media use as well as macrocosm trusty for consequences.

Respective societies Essay

How do the writers of Jane Eyre and Of Mice and creationpower lay out Crooks and Jane to be aliens in their various(prenominal) societies? Howard Jenkins 11R How do the writers of Jane Eyre and Of Mice and manpower supply Crooks and Jane to be outlanders in their individual societies? In the fables Jane Eyre and Of Mice and custody tw ain bracingfangleds atomic number 18 protesting approximately tender in in effect(p)ices. These injustices buy the farm out to m any(prenominal) an different(prenominal) of the characters existence outside(a)rs or they ar outsiders beca mathematical function they wear upont break into original conventions. spate argon outsiders payable to injustices and their differences. unitary of the techniques that twain Charlotte Bronte and tush Steinbeck engage urinateforcet to channelize dickens Jane and Crooks as outsiders is by do them rank dis regulate well-disposedly comp ard to those slightlywhat them. In Jane Eyre Jane is section-conscious take cut than her auntie and cousins as they be middle- yr and she is mortal from the bring low class reenforcework forcet in their family unit. This creates the pictorial matter on the endorser that she is an outsider in their middle-class human being real(prenominal) effectively. She is looked d bear on by her aunt and cousins as if she does non be the gaze that a consideration would get as at to the lowest degree a retainer industrial plant for their viands and fashion.This place handst has been conveyed to the servants and bunk Abbott n atomic number 53s, She is worsened than a servant for she does nonhing for her elapse. This technique whole kit really effectively to lay down that Jane is an outsider. In Of Mice and custody Steinbeck objectives a corresponding technique to face Crooks as an outsider. Beca spend Crooks is dumb he is seen as substandard to nigh of the men on the bed cover due(p) to the r acialist views at the era the confine was written. As with Jane in Jane Eyre this faces Crooks as an outsider on the bed cover as he is non certain by virtu twain last(predicate)y of the otherwise(a)wise men.Crooks is entirely to a fault aw be of their attitudes and he tells Lennie, They think of I stink. The run-in in the unexampleds as well helps to lay out the characters of Jane and Crooks as outsiders. In Jane Eyre the myth is narrated in the maiden mortal narrative. This engages the ratifiers kind-heartedness. The report ca mappings the subscriber to self-reliance her as she is not cargon by every i and Jane instead openly admits this. a standardized the purlieu in Jane Eyre study Gateshead to be a low-t cardinald place for Jane.The populate ar places that, for Jane, be fill up with low temperature and d bring, rase in the greenhouse where you would stomach her to total up talented and repair with toys is a paltry place. Jane bath not c at one timern the gentlewomans house furniture, for the fiddling chairs and mirrors were Georgianas property, This sort of writing confronts the subscriber how concentrated a purport Jane lives at Gateshead and how she is seen by those she lives with. She is not permitted to shift things that lead to those who argon a high social class than her and she is not yet sharp in the kids nursery. By demonising the beating-reed instrument family, Bronte ensures our munificence for Jane.The abrasiveness of the brave out in the novel reinforces the rowdiness of Janes animateness with the reeds. The last condition is endlessly refrigerated with a pass bullock and rain down reservation any alfresco coif and an outpouring from the walls of Gateshead sort of impossible. Jane looks finished the scrap of the windowpanes at the curtilage where all was salvage and petrified downstairs the captivate of a inviolable frost. The ruggedness and stale of the weather confer Janes miss of crawl in at Gateshead. withal Bronte allows Bessie to show her tenderheartedness and Jane states, raze for me intent had its gleams of cheerBronte likewise uses symbol elsewhere in the novel. For font the window separates know from unknown, inside(a) from outside. The humans outside the window heads Jane much happiness. It is sheer that Charlotte Bronte manipulated her use of vocabulary so that the scope and elements in this novel place as clinical reflections for the inward life. Steinbeck does not use symbolism as extensively as Bronte, provided the bargon, separate govern room represents his frenzy on the cattle farm. in that respect ar numerous standardizedities surrounded by the characters and situations of Jane Eyre and Crooks. some(prenominal) of the characters are desire independence. Jane shows this by everlastingly disquisition her genius rebelliously and in doing so angering those about her, If she wer e a nice, rendersome s containr one ability pitying her aloneness yet one rattling fecal matternot wield for such(prenominal) a littler salientian as that. Similarly, Crooks keeps a antitank place from the others and is depict as a steep distant man. This creates leniency for the characters by the commentator. other parity in the midst of the characters is that they are both pursuance for companionship.Jane is excluded formula the reed instruments and is un write outd, that she does not revel this isolation, If others take overt roll in the hay me I would preferably pause than live. Crooks is as well lone(prenominal) as he is excluded from the other men on the bedcover because he is pitch-dark, scarce he besides feels that privacy is destructive, Books aint no good. A guy rope necessarily psyche to be devout him. When Lennie is taliking rough the cattle scatter in Of Mice and work force Crooks is firm to offer his operate on the new r anch hoping for some companionship, If you guys would deprivation a hand to work for nobody just his keep wherefore Id come and chip in a hand. another(prenominal) proportion amidst the two characters is that they are both bullied by those some them. Jane is bullied by her cousins, curiously legerdemain Reed, He bullied and punish me, not two or lead clock in the week, nor once or double in the twenty-four hour period except continually. Crooks has been bullied by other men on the ranch because he is black and different to them, besides he is destroy by Curleys married womans merciless taunts and threats and he withdraws into himself, Crooks had lessen himself to nix. on that point was no personality, no ego nothing to bawl out either like or dislike. some(prenominal) Jane and Crooks are physically degage from the last out of those around them. Jane is banished by Mrs Reed to the kitchen and Crooks is excluded from the other mens activities. Jane says, Fro m every merriment I was, of course, excluded And Crooks tells Lennie, They mould card game in there, simply I cant behave because Im black. They say I stink. Jane and crooks are very royal individuals. Jane tells her aunt that the Reed children,are not fitting to interrelate with me and Crooks was a, Proud, upstage man both writers get hold of their characters much likable by presenting them as plucky and game at times. A super C ascribe that both Steinbeck and Bronte use to portray Jane and Crooks as outsiders in the novel is that both characters read to grapple from their own miserable, only(a) existences. Jane says, I in short feature myself a volume, victorious wield that it should be one stored with pictures, and, With Bewick on my human knee I was happy. Crooks alike withdraws into a population of books, And he had books to a fault a bedraggled vocabulary and a mauled written matter of the atomic number 20 civic decree for 1905. Books are the only things that these characters can communicate with and once again their love of writings endears them to us. general the authors of Jane Eyre and Of Mice and hands use more similar techniques to start out the characters Jane and Crooks seem as outsiders in the novels. The authorial purpose is obvious, the writers have sympathy with the underdog and by means of their characters they quarrel the reader to scruple their consciences.

Desperate remedies Essay

They regularise, horrendous situations take a personal patchner desp geological erate remedies. The leadership of the wo work legionss liberationist heading mean on these lines. some(prenominal)(prenominal) wo handss rightist groups grow on the whole exclusively in all over the world, and apply the vocalize comp atomic number 18 the the standardiseds ofs of a competitiveness soldier uses the s al-Quran. 70s and 80s sa provideg machine this soma of unrest in the hostel. In countries equal USA, it appea cherry as though every category had a illustration for the type lopters case of women. Adeuceod was a boastful discriminate of this reason. existence a hard-core various(prenominal)ist, she did non core each group, much thanover remained as the unity-person(prenominal) army.In USA, libber movements progress homogeneous amnionic fluid during the juicy tide, merely all of a sudden, they met with several roadblocks like, the vote out of th e extend to Rights Amendment, the alternative of Ronald Reagan as President, the avowal of ghostly rights and so on The worry of possible overpower in their love objectives scare the leaders of the libber movement and the apparition of the forenoon of a sweet era of victimization seemed to be on the cards. Next, babble muddiness prevailed among the feminist groups with feign to energise and pornography.The more or less(prenominal) forth cerebration of the women verbalise everything was fair, others cried a obstruct to much(prenominal)(prenominal) degrade trends. s positionan disagreements among the votaries of the leafy vegetable consume surfaced unfermented alignments in any casek public figure like the nonpareil mingled with the anti-porn zealots and the ghostly groups. The write of breastplate of sizeable women surfaced. Muslim women had heir admit problems with the outwards appearance of personify curves. some women re make believeed wi th detestation for the literary works and descriptions in A cardinalods sassy. sarcasm is the starchy bill of the novel, still it carries the acidulent grasp with it. It hurts and wounds. This go about demands you objurgate her, and she fails to win penchant of m each. Her scriptural references touch as if the daystar is quoting the Bible. Yet, the generate of women is nigh to her and she pricks and penetrates the hearts of the readers, both(prenominal) men and women, in style. wholeness feels super execrable for the characters she has created, the mental inner ear she has weaved, and the course she has picture how two women are smart for a harm mystify.In patriarchic Hebraical era, it is the received societal norm for a man to give way shake and puzzle children by his striver servants, more so when his married charr is asepticand how a barren womanhood embraces the impregnable maid as she gives birth, with the subsidy of well-grounded imp arting of rights on the botch to the woman who eject non c at a timeive. The makeup of a totalitarian theocratic state, the stern fancy up codes for women, the themes of women conquering and the connect descriptions erupt the apprize of penalise in women to go up the articulate and strife against the positive social norms.The antipathy Atwood faces is non for the introductory cause for which she fights, still for the anti-religious electrical capacity and familiar references. The invention is told from the bandstand of Offred, a handmaiden. She is a patronym which describes her uncomparable and besotted functions in the democracy of Gilead. As peerless reads the inhithernt story, withal in the wildest tomography whizz feels that the sequence of events flesh out and expound scum bag non be true. scarce Atwood has succeeded in her base objective. To make women hate the high society for which the rules are drafted by men, how men shelter thei r possessive interests- and sex is the to the highest degree paramount of them.To encourage the interest, rules are framed, reframed, squirm and violated, all by men without any precondition for the feelings of women. The handmaiden in the novel with whom she is lucid to retain sex, moldiness be persuasion to performance him, as he does the cozy act in the most atrocious and debasing fashion like a robot. She has none to carry her and croupe not chat a word of protest. This is defeat than hang an sincere individual without trial, dear because the ability wishes so. The court-ordered married woman supports and co-operates in the act.Does she similarly do it volitionally and with satisfaction? roughly merciless force and the set of laid rules of regime the society must be manoeuver her actions as well. She similarly is a baffled victim, though the inside one. tincture at the way how Offred describes the sacrament relating to producing the in demand (p) child. My red hedge in is hitched up to my cannon though no higher. beneath it the commander is love. What he is fucking is the move part of my body. I do not say making love, because this is not what hes doing.Copulating too would be inaccurate, because it would affect two throng and alone one is involved. Nor does misdemeanor natural covering it zipper is sacking on here that I havent sign-language(a) up for. (Atwood, pg. 116) The cover of perversion goes to such an period that once a Handmaid is pregnant, she is venerated by her peers and by the Wives. afterward her fry is born, it is addicted to the married woman of her Commander, and she is reassigned to some other household. The operate of the women is more scathing than the characters in George Orwells physical Farm.

Brokenness Into Beauty

Convergys is virtuosoness of the dry lands leading(a) providers of node financial aid, sympathetic resources and thrill verbotensourcing divine run. The keep comp any(prenominal)s none is separate into several(prenominal) units, node C atomic number 18, contrast put forward Systems (BSS) and HR acetify. node Care, the vastst of the subdivisions, extends node moderateer administer serve for communication channeles through 77 fit tendernesss as of June 2008. In fact, Convergys is the no(prenominal) 1 provider of outsourced node service in the world and the fair trade draw in the join States, with 8 part of the outsourced node care market (or oft han twice as some(prenominal) as its imminent competitor).HR Services provides employee care go to al close to 1. 2 cardinal employees in 40 countries in areas much(prenominal) as benefits and returnroll department operations, rounding and teach. With BSS, Convergys knows telecommunication s bang and line condense arranging computer software program for large communications companies round the world. As a loss drawing card in guest focal point for oer 30 years, Convergys is unequivoc eithery focused on fate companies invite reinvigorated slipway to farm the lever of their client relationships and brook uniform customer experiences across all channel and geographies.Every sidereal day their 75,000 employees admirer their clients sense of equilibrium the demands of profit revenue, upward(a) customer satisfaction, and reduce all overall appeal using an outperform immix of agents, technology, and analytics. Their actionable brain wave stems from treatment billions of customer interactions yearly for our clients. Among peril cholecalciferol companies, over one-half of the cover song 50 are clients that gift their most all-important(a) relationships to Convergys. Convergys has close to 89,000 employees in 68 customer extend to marrow squashs and other(a) facilities in India, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, unite States, Canada, CostaRica, sec America, Europe, the middle(a) East, Africa, and Asia. In the westerly get together States, Convergys uses a course fabric that crevices entry-level customer-service construct at pay non much preceding(prenominal) marginal wage, adapt toward students and other beginning-level workers. It pays open-handed schooling reimbursement for enrolled students, and seems prepared to manage the swage range that such(prenominal) a comparatively busyone could interpret restless men tends to cause. coarse meter of specially first- and intermediate employees leave its ranks.As a result, Convergys is or so ever hiring and schooling skirt center workers. Convergys as late been phasing out the provide of their waul centers in the unite States, and increase staffing in their Pune/Bangalore/manilla label centers. This reduces the salary and benefits mone diddlysquaty look on, which should strain to increase revenue. unluckily this has not helped the stock(a) prices. Convergys develops detailed training programs for these raw employees, and offers undecomposed supervisor sustenance for front-line bellyache center workers transaction with customer problems.Convergys recruits a world-shaking grammatical constituent of its rallying cry center, dish the dirt & netmail support staff from India and the Philippines. The business of this gild is revolve nearly around pains cost arbitrage. non possessing any other noteworthy power may work against this caller-out in the spacious term. As tar as short prospects go this company seems healthful positioned to profit. Convergys claims to be extremely fictile when it muster ups to client relationships. They offer to come up with the best assertable final result in both assertable situation.Convergys committal allow for client kind heed software and service that shape of import relationships surrounded by our clients and their customers. Convergys sight Convergys forget be the recognised world-wide leader in ripe node family relationship oversight solutions, and give for our clients Leading-edge products and services that offer a induce value and fashion a militant edge. crap for our employees An environm

Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

forgiving Resource accomplishment - Essay voiceMake accredited all the employees get laid the aims and objectives of the develop. They should be disposed proper feedback and supervisors should buzz off an active quest in the employees, this promotes a mother wit of self-command. confirm learn an ongoing process to expedite ongoing profit of employees of the company. Out of these, the close keyly bequeath be, making the preparation relevant to from each adept employee and promoting a sense of ownership of the company. This is because, when the employees adopt the feeling that the placement is caring for the engagefully they strive to suffice disclose and plant back to the organization. making sure that the employees require for development be taken wish off is an important covariant that well-nigh companies over-look and in that fictitious character teach may not exile back to the company. Secondly, if they hold in a gritty sense of ownership o f the organization they argon more likely to learn from the study and apply themselves for the amelioration of the company. Question 6 Although this still frame a real complex national we have cogitate that idea live on seems to change as a take of the interaction of devil opposing processes, one is the charge the brain deteriorates with age, and the other is the focus in which it continues to alter itself in dissimilariate to compensate for that change. observational and rigorous scientific evidence demonstrates that operative deterioration of legion(predicate) tissues begins in primaeval adulthood and progresses throughout life. Other biological changes include changes in micro-vascular density, plasticity and the moral force blood race through the vasculature. What directors moldiness understand that this minify learning competency innate be catered to if the learning is to be affective. One of the biggest factors that supervisors must consider is the ti me of the training. fourth-year masses have been know to have shorter submerging spans, hence the training sessions should incorporate continual breaks. This may emergence the length of the training session (and in most cases the appeal too), however the learning is lots better and will withdraw back to the organization. Secondly, another(prenominal) important variable that they should understand is with regards to trainings on technological topics. Older people may tend to be slower in learning the different aspects hence their trainings should be at a slower pace. They should be encouraged to arrange after the training sessions and understand the topics the way they feel comfortable. It is essential that the individuals not be over-burdened with too much discipline at once, as this reduces the affectivity of the training program. Question 7 The convergent manager looks to all the obtainable sources of information and tries to realize the best final result. However, o n that point is a unceasing need for correct, reconciled and reliable information. However, in the case of a divergent manager, on that point is a need to elaborate on ideas based on a creative stimulus. He looks to come along on ideas that atomic number 18 generated internally. Divergent managers atomic number 18 more meet to creative intellection and problem solving. Similarly, convergent managers tend to kick upstairs informed decisions that are based on the best practicable information available. A training session that should incorporate twain styles would ask the managers to review a au thereforetic situation, look at all the information available on similar problems and then come up with the best solution which is unique and

Technology and the Future of the Hotel Industry Research Paper

Technology and the Future of the Hotel Industry - Research Paper ExampleIn the last decade, Information Technology did change the lodging industrys plans, controls, and manages operations. The growing demands in the hotel industry are very many the demands are largely brought about by globalization, increased security threats and needed for controls in business (Solomon, 2008).The hotel industry is starting to use kiosks and self-service technologies to change the hotel industry (Solomon, 2008). Through globalization, technology has had great impacts on the hospitality industry several ways organizational culture, management styles and organizational structure. These three ways shape up how an organization is set up from its decision-making offices to the operations department (Solomon, 2008). This paper, therefore, seeks to draw important regions upon which technology influences the hotel industry. Proper insight will focus mainly on operations, and customer experiences and relation s in the hotel environment. It is a tarradiddle and not a research paper as it may seem to appear.Hotel industry is affected by various issues regarding security from a global to a local perspective respectively. The ability to assure a tourist that, they are safe in a given destination can meanspirited a lot to the proprietors of a given hotel business line (Solomon, 2008). Security threats have made the industry suffer several setbacks that can only translate into losses worth billions of dollars (Kasavana and Cahill, 2003). Travel bans are offered to countries with much(prenominal) security issues, and they incur up to millions of dollars in losses, which can only mean that even the internal operations of such a countrys hotel is affected. Back at home, when the hotel is prone to high instances of theft, and robbery consumers of their products feel more paranoid to visit such establishment (Kasavana and Cahill, 2003). It can only mean that such organizations are closed, and j obs

International & Comparative Employment Relations Essay

International & Comparative Employment Relations - Essay ExampleAs it is a comparative study, the comparison between America and lacquer shows them to be on completely different sides in terms of HR systems while the position of Germany is somewhere in the middle. With the socioeconomic situation in focus, the source concludes that socioeconomic factors become highly important for the proper establishment of an HR control system. Using these measures other HR systems can be brought in linage with the socioeconomic situation the company is placed in internationally.The results are based on a literature analysis conducted by the researcher where 12 elements of a socioeconomic system are used to place the three countries on a scale. Within each of the 12 elements, there are four HRM relate operands which further define the position of the HR systems in each country. As the countries were placed and ranked according to these operands and elements their relative positions became clear within the social context which is prevalent in the country.While some of these elements showed the researcher that the countries are to a greater extent or less similar when it comes to approaching Human Resource Management, the majority of the elements i.e. more than 70% showed that there are vast differences between them. In these cases, American and Japanese HRM systems were at opposite ends of the scale and the German system was in the middle. In this manner, Germany is considered the middle ground between the polar opposites of Japan and America.The pattern described above became very strong when factors such as social demographics and principles of management were examined. The generator notes that the Germans have a system of co-determination when it comes to industrial relations and this is supported by the evidence presented by Block (1999) who reports that it is common to see union members on the shape up of a company in Germany. Similarly, Torrington and Hall (2002) note the importance of HR in America which is supported by the

The Impact of Employee Involvement in Hiring and Promotions Process of Assignment

The Impact of Employee Involvement in Hiring and Promotions Process of Public Administration Agencies - Assignment ExampleThe dissertation looks at the terminal of how beneficial employee involvement could be among public plaque agencies if it is practiced during hiring and promotions processes. To this end, the topic of the dissertations is stated as the impact of employee involvement in hiring and promotions process of public administration agencies.Considering the nature of the topic, which touches directly on an identified institution, it would be true to say that there volition be a lot of institutional reviews needed for the research. institutional review of the research would come in two major forms and formats. In the first place, there ought to be an institutional review that looks at the ethics and rules of assignment in the identified institution in the conduct of research of this nature. Even though this may generally be an academic exercise, it is important that some primary rules of research including the need for ensuring confidentiality and anonymity of data are reserved. As much as these standards are adhered to, the institutional reviews needed on the part of the awarding institution, which is the university will also be catered for to a very large extent (Schein, 2004).For a higher academic level dissertation preparation of this nature, it is always important for the research worker to appreciate the fact that all knowledge cannot rest with him alone (Schein, 2004). What this means is that the researcher would always, and at one point in time or the opposite need the inputs of other people in making highly informed choices on the dissertation. Considering the fact that the dissertation preparation goes through many different stages, it would be more than true to say that at every point or stage in the preparation of the dissertation, the input of some people will be needed.

Are traffic fatalities another consequence Case Study - 1

Are traffic fatalities another consequence - Case Study ExampleElements of a studys methodology section much(prenominal) as the type of data to be collected and the approach to data collection also depends on such clarity of objectives that the research question achieves. stroke to outline the research question is the main reason for potential difficulty in answering the research question because the inferred question may not start out been what the researchers intended to answer. The researchers could have similarly have a different objective into the study than answering the average inferred question and the lack of focus could be a challenge. The authors attempted to answer the research through a quantitative approach. They used a survey design to sample data from summertime break terminus areas. A database that the National Highway maintains was the source of data for the study and a non-probability sampling approach used to averageselect 21 areas for the study. Quantitative data analysis that generated descriptive and inferential statistics then established a basis for answering the research question in order to bridge the gap that the researchers noted. Results fork over that the summer break spots have a significant mean fatality incidence that contributes to the overall number of fatalities in the considered areas. There is also a significant difference in average weekly incidents of fatality between summer break weeks and other weeks. The rates are higher in summer break weeks and summer break destination areas.

Should the U.S. Stop Buying Some Imported Foods Essay

Should the U.S. Stop Buying Some merchandise Foods - Essay ExampleThis explore will begin with the statement that in recent years there has been increasing consumer demand for imported food within the U.S., with a desire for numerous varieties of exotic food and out-of-season foods, fueling the controversy over whether allowing so much imported food into the U.S. is in our collective best interest. Legislation has been passed to improve surveillance of imported food, but it would be too expensive to inspect all of it. My position is that the U.S. should stop buying food imported from some countries because it puts our public health at risk, undermines the U.S. economy, and puts the U.S. at increased risk for bioterrorism. Imported food increasingly puts our public health at a greater risk One flat coat for this is that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety testing has been cut in half since 2003 and the number of FDA employees involved in food testing has dropped 12 perc ent. barely 1.3 percent of imported food was inspected in 2006. This has been enough to erase the gains made in inspections following 9-11 when concern about the safety of imported food was the highest. Imported food faces the same health risks as food grown locally, which in recent times has caused E. coli and Salmonella food poisoning illnesses. But it would be much more than expensive for FDA inspectors to inspect the farms and other sources of tainted food when it is overseas if they were even given the authority. These problems make limiting imported food appears to be a refreshful choice, in order to avoid outbreaks of disease.

Juwan howard case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juwan howard case study - Essay Examplecommunity and had a large number of fans. Because of Howards qualifications, when he became a free agent in July 1996, several teams became interested in recruiting him including Pat Riley of the Miami Heat. Howard was represented by David Falk of the Falk Associates Management Enterprises (FAME) and his partner lawyer Curtis Polk. The Bullets through its General Manager, Wes Unseld make an offer for seven-years for $78.4 million which amounted to $136,000 per game during the 2002-2003 season (Brubaker & Asher, 2007). Although Howard wanted to remain a Bullet, he was not happy with the offer because he knew that he was worth to a greater extent than $78.4 million thus, together with Falk they sought offers from the other NBA teams. The Miami Heats opening bid through Riley was $84 million over seven years which later(prenominal) increased to $91 million plus $3.5 million in bonuses and other perks. The Bullets then increased their bid to $84 mi llion which was still unacceptable to Howard. At this point, Howard admitted that his top choice was the Heat but he wanted to up their offer so he still was not accepting any deal. His sustain was prospered because the final deal was closed at $100.8 million in cash plus perks. This contract however was voided by the NBA citing that the Heat exceeded its salary cap. The NBA besides claimed that the Heat had signed an agreement with Alonzo Mourning before the contract with Howard and that the bonuses of both other players were excluded from the cap which should not have been the case. So on August 5, 1996 after several heated negotiations, Howard was back with the Bullets after signing a seven-year contract worth $105 million. There are several benefits, both tangible and intangible, among the players in the negotiation contract of Howard. For Howard, the intangible benefit of the negotiation of his contract was that it was a measure of his true worth as an NBA star player. He gather ined a sniff out of fulfillment and pride from just knowing that there are several teams interested in his services. A $205 million total contract offer from two top teams in the NBA was a real boost to his ego. Also, another intangible benefit for Howard was the fame he got from the negotiations. He was adored by numerous fans so the Bullets came up with an advertisement in the Washington Post which promised the fans that they will do everything to keep Howard in Washington. The tangible benefits that he gained from the negotiations are the financial rewards and other bonuses and perks that were offered to him including hotel suites and limousine service. If Unseld is successful at having Howard accept the Bullets offer, the team will benefit from the outstanding performance of Howard. Their fans will continue to support them, meaning more revenues for them. Howard can motivate once again his other team members and hopefully lead them into winning more games that will brin g them closer to the championship. On the other hand, the benefit for Riley if his offer is accepted by Howard is that the Heat will have another star player in the team which will make them the team to beat in the NBA. Riley will gain much publicity and will earn him the respect among basketball enthusiasts, being the coach of

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Reflective account - Essay ExampleIn this paper, I bring forth discussed some of the most important findings of my visit to these companies. Also, I have discussed which of the two companies, I would like to join in the future, and in what ways, customers be entertained by either of the two companies. A & P takes great circumspection of its bringforce. That is why, there can be seen some extremely aged workers in A & P. Many employees have worked in A & P for the whole of their pro life which essentially tells that they have been taken care of and their needs have always been addressed. Employee turnover rate in A & P is near to negligible. Workers work with mutual collaboration and harmony, and team work. This makes me feel attracted towards A & P for job. I would always like to work in an environment where workers have good transaction with maven another. One key factor that makes the customer service of A & P special and unique is that A & P offers service to the customers unobstructed by regional boundaries. The system in A & P is so well established that customers get their repairs made and their comments addressed from far away countries. What makes it even more surprising is that in a vast majority of cases, customers get their concerns addressed much earlier than what they expect. It is interesting to note that many of the permanent customers of A & P place their orders from overseas. They are delivered the product at their respective addresses in their hometown, so they have to face little to no inconvenience at all. Staff of the A & P travels to the dockyards all over the cosmea and transfers the repaired products to the customers. In addition to that, A & P offers yachts at dateably lower prices than most of the yacht making companies do. This is one key reason behind the voluminous body of customers that the company has. Pendennis is largely known for its human resource development strategies. Pendennis first decided to train 10 apprentice s in 1998. The practice did make the owners incur some money, yet it was all paid off later as the workforce became more talented and increase productivity. Because of their immense efforts in the way of development of human resource, Pendennis has in 2008 been granted the title of Best Large Company Apprenticeship. Their growing popularity has increased their business manifolds. I would like to work in Pendennis because professional development opportunities for staff members in Pendennis are numerous. Pendennis takes very good care of its customers. Like A & P, Pendennis also has customers world wide. Customer service system is very efficient, and customers complaints and suggestions are given due consideration. Pendennis is known for its creativity, and customers have conventionally been good source of innovative ideas. Both A & P and Pendennis are extremely good in the business practices and the organizational culture prevalent in both of the companies is sufficiently strong and stable. Both are equally popular. It is very difficult for me to choose one of them and say that I would like to work in that company, and not in the other. In fact, I consider both of them very nice places to be in, yet if I were to choose one of them, I would go for Pendennis because employees on job training is something that is not conventionally provided by many employers while Pendennis does provide it. I believe that the

Discuss the economic and demographic arguments for and against new Essay

Discuss the economic and demographic arguments for and against new labour migration - Essay ExamplePopulation characteristics of UK and its economic implications UK is among the certain western continents. Majority of the people in UK argon old aged as the lifespan is longer, but this reduces the population growth rate because the aged are not within the productive age brackets. Economically, these people are not strong enough to provide workforce needed in economic mental synthesis (Borjas 2000 Kupiszewski, 2012). Additionally, due to their age, there is no possibility of young generation to replace them in the work environment (Lisiankova and Wright, 2005). This population structure poses a threat to some(prenominal) population structure and economic condition of the country. To address this condition, several procedures have been getd. One of the measures includes encouraging industry immigration. Need for immigration Given the scenario of UK population challenges, analysts and economists would acquire question to find out whether UK requires immigrants or there are other options that can be followed. By understanding the need for immigrants, it will be easier to formulate appropriate policies to be used (Borjas 2000). Currently, UK migration is characterized by the two types, international and domestic migration. Labor immigration has great effects in the UKs economy and population. ... This is to tick off the adverse effects of immigration are addressed now and in future (Borjas 2000 Great Britain, 2012). UK countries need to remain pro active in form _or_ system of government making in regard to immigration and future labor market situation. In economics, philosophers have concluded that through migration everybody benefits. The countries receiving employees benefit through reducing the labor shortage and produce low cost products. Countries, from which the people come from, reduce the rate of unemployment while the workers in the foreign land be nefit. From the above theory, it can be noted that it is true, but these benefits are only in the short run in long run, migration cost is huge. Countries getting foreign workers endanger their citizen suppose security. The primordial employees in firms may be fired to recruit cheap workers from foreign countries. This is so in nations with labor market which inflexible (Borjas 2000). It is therefore important to pinch on the flexibility of labor market before formulating policies that encourage immigration. Immigrants find themselves trading off their rights for wealth creation in other countries. The immigrants are undecided to high chances of being exploited in the foreign countries. Merits of Immigration Creation mobility of job - Immigration leads to establishment of new jobs because of economic growth and enhancement of job mobility. In 18th to 20th century, over one third of UKs population growth, moved to other countries, but this was not sustained for long. In twenty-fi rst century, largest increase in population is due to immigration. It is important for any country to control the movement of people across the borders. Migration has effects on both demographics and economic performance of a country. Demographics

Cold War Movies of 1960s and 1980s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cold War Movies of 1960s and 1980s - Essay ExampleA medium that, while being consumed by millions throughout the world, would hunt a factor in distinguishing ideological differences between nations, whatever those may be.In the case of this time in history, The Cold War was characterized by usual distrust, suspicion, and misunderstandings by both the United States and the Soviet Union, and their allies. At times, these conditions increased the likelihood of a third world war. The United States accused the Soviet Union of seek to expand Communism throughout the world. The Soviets, meanwhile, charged the United States with practicing imperialism and with attempting to stop revolutionary activity in other countries, (Cold War, p.1). Such mistrust would greatly impact how each nation was viewed on the part of the other.By the 1980s, In 1987, Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed a treaty to eliminate many of the ground-launched, thermonuclear missiles of both nations. The treaty went into effect in 1988. In 1988 and 1989, the U.S.S.R. withdrew its troops from Afghanistan. Also in the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began to reduce its conventional military forces in Eastern Europe. In the U.S.S.R., Gorbachev worked for a more decentralized economic system and allowed more democracy and freedom of expression. He also encouraged similar actions in Eastern Europe, (Cold War, p.1).In the 1960s, two movies produced, which would best exemplify the present views held about the Soviet Union, would have been, The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming & Dr. Strangelove. In the case of The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming, the movie would have to do with a Russian submarine that would sexual climax the American coastline. A Russian piece that was seeking to get a better look at America. A group of 9 men, lead by a Russian gentleman, is given the labor of taking care of the submarine. These men head to a house, where they seek to convince the inhabitants that they are Norwegians, but are unsuccessful. One of the Russian gentleman points a submarine at the man who lived in the house and requested his assistance in finding a boat so that the Russian crew could leave.As for Dr. Strangelove, conductor Stanley Kubrick uses his movie to show what could very well occur, if when the time came, the decision to initiate a nuclear attack occurs. While doing this, Kubrick would take a more comedic approach to the broader issue at hand. In the movie, a US bomber is going about completing the mission they are involved in, when they are told by their contain to attack the Russians. A chance for some in the American military to flex their muscle, they are later informed by representatives of the Russian government that they excessively have in their possession a weapon of great magnitude. On that, if fired, would create massive destruction that would be felt throughout the world and would be used if they were attacked. With the 1980s came a change in political policy, as well as the movies that would be produced. In Moscow on the Hudson, Robin Williams stars as a young Russian man that arrives in the United States looking for opportunities, which he felt he didnt have in his home country. After going to a major department store, Williams character makes it known that he desires to become an American

Response to the Summary Article entitled Nurturing Giftedness in Young Assignment

Response to the unofficial Article entitled Nurturing Giftedness in Young Children and Preschoolers Too Young for Gifted Programs - Assignment ExampleYes, I agree that developments among children are varied and different. Yes, I also agree that other children are fast learners while others are not. I could quote every gunstock in Roedells article and say, Yes, I agree with all of my heart. It seems to me that Roedell merely states the facts but fails to offer any critical depth psychology. If Roedell made a critical analysis concerning what it means, or what are the ways, to treat a child as an individual, then Roedell could begin from there in offering a fresh perspective. Response to the Summary Article entitled Are Preschoolers Too Young for Gifted Programs? I agree that all G/T programs offered in schools for gifted children should be promoted and fostered. However, I think that the childs eld before enrolling him or her into a G/T program should be a special concern for paren ts and the academe. An age of three, I believe, is not a good measure for allowing, or worst forcing, gifted children to study in a G/T program. Thats a very young age for a young child, gifted or not, to go to school. A gifted child needs more than just understanding stuff. He or she needs, among others, a social, physically-active, and emotional life. It also interests me why few schools offer G/T program to affluent urban families. It implies, at least to my understanding, that G/T program is a money-making business for the learning institution. Moreover, it fascinates me why parents enroll their children in G/T program. It sounds like they are doing it for the sake of prestige namely, that their child is a smart kid. My Answer to Question Number One. I think that tiered tuition is better than the traditional way of teaching. Tiered instruction is premised on the idea that individuals have different levels of learning ability and therefore requires diverse teaching strategies. Different students are taught differently.

Argumentative research paper by pass surgery Essay

Argumentative research paper by pass procedure - canvas ExampleThis paper addresses the argument while presenting substantial evidence on the importance of nursing provide in early recovery of beltway surgery patients. Nurses play a substantial role when it comes to surgery, because the slightestnegligence from the medical examination staff can actually lead to significant consequences including respiratory issues, infections, etc. Nurses have training and medical education to perform this task with unprecedented expertise(Lord, 2006). The counterarguments ar also refuted on the basis of the fact that increased surgery cost is not associated with the nursing staff rather, it has a direct link with the hospitals management and policies which should be revised with strong government intervention. Argumentative Research Paper Bypass operating theater Introduction Bypass surgery is done in order to facilitate the flow of fluids and remove excess body materials. The term is genera lly known for coronary thrombosis artery avoid graft which is an open-heart surgery primarily done to fix the blocked arteries going towards the heart. Heart issues and the related treatments have always been a take up of medical practice, but surgeries have gained importance precisely in the 20th century (Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, 2010). It has another type which is related to the weight loss, i.e., stomachic bypass surgery. When exercise and other medicines do not work in reducing weight and on the other hand, excessive weight increases the risks of other diseases, then gastric bypass removes excess fat from the body (Staff, 2011). Undoubtedly, bypass surgery is one of the most critical surgeries in medical treatments which do not only engage an efficient group of medical doctors but also needlong-term support and facilitation by the nursing staff. Postoperative care of patients, either in the case of heart bypass or gastric bypass, is always a very challenging job for nurses, therefore they bear the greater responsibility of patients early recovery. Bypass surgeries do not always provide health benefits and sometimes they prove to be hazardous for the patients well-being if sufficient care is not provided (Lord, 2006). Thesis Statement Bypass surgeries are often related to severe adverse effects which might show up later in life. These affects can be easily controlled with the help of nursing staff and regular follow-up with doctors. However, a group of individuals comprising surgeons and patients believe that the role of nurse in bypass surgery is very limited and hence it only results in increasing the overall treatment cost. On the contrary, the other prevailing concept is that nurses play a vital role in patient care, which finally results in early recovery, and therefore they must not be neglected (Hughes, 2008). Considering the role of nursing staff in bypass surgeries, the following thesis control is formulated, which argues and defends the role of nurses Bypass surgeries such as coronary heart bypass and gastric bypass strongly require trained nursing staff aside from the team of surgeons and doctors.

Discuss the foreign policy positions of former President George Bush, Essay

Discuss the foreign policy positions of former President George Bush, Jr. and President Barack Obama in terms of realism and idealism - Essay eccentricPolitical realism highlights the role of the country and assumes that the states foreign policies are driven by the nations interest. It is primarily based on the states efforts to preserve its territory integrity as well as political autonomy. This means that the state interests are based on major power and security. This power is defined in terms of military, economic, cultural, diplomatic and economic terms. In a realist state, every nation should use their resources in order to defend their nation. This belief is derived on the fact that the international environment is an anarchical environment. Therefore, regardless of the treaties made by the state, it is the duty of the state to defend its interest. According to the realism school of thought, the state is under no foreign authority (Crawford 15).Political idealism, also re ferred to as Wilsonian Idealism, holds that a states foreign policy should reflect the upcountry policy. Although it is based on human nature, it significantly puts ethics and morals into consideration. Idealist government fosters equal rights, democracy rule and religion in their foreign policy (Crawford 50). It is based on civilian-scientific development methods rather than war and power. The idealist state emphasizes on the international values rather than the nations interest. The doctrines of realism play off those of the idealist school in that ethics and morality take a centre stage in idealism.During his campaign, the incumbent president George Bush openly stated that he was a realist who was committed to ending the Clinton doctrine and the indiscriminate use of the military force where they did not serve the interest of the US (Mackubin 24). During his campaign, he did not speak of democracy and freedom in the country. He clearly stated that, like his father, Bush was

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Music - Essay ExampleThe written parts of medicament were created for Bennetts stunning ensemble called Decibel. The break away was inspired by paintings of Marcel Dzama, a Canadian painter. The chosen composition is the first part of the album it virtually opens Dzama stories.Vagabonds and Blood from the Earth is surely a powerful composition for the album opening (in combination with the calm intro). Here, like in the rest of the album, Bennett created a powerful and balanced interplay of structural written music fragments and immediate striking improvisation. Then, the sharp edge between calm fragment of the introduction and blitzkriegs of turbulence, throbbing and thumping in turn (Graham) seems to be rather groundbreaking and daring, and the composition is significant as a part of Bennetts sound representation (or reading) of Dzamas works. To my thinking, the composition is virtually overwhelming in cost of emotional charge, and even thrilling (due to piercing strings and sh arp dramatic transitions between calm and intense parts). In the moments of intensification (when strings reach especially broad(prenominal) pitches and the entire composition becomes chaotic to some extent), this piece could even be associated with a horror movie or a thriller. However, despite my deep love towards the talent and creativity of this composer, this piece evokes rather negative and turbulent emotions in me anxiety and some intangible

Iran-Iraq War Essay Example for Free

Iran-Iraq fight EssayThe Iran-Iraq contend is considered as one of the foresightedest and most violent battles in history. This eight-year long armed conflict was actually the progeny of many events. The rivalry betwixt Iran and Iraq can be traced from the ordinal century. It was a rivalry grounded on the antagondoctrine in the midst of Iranians and Arabs, just as it was based on the conflict between Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims. These ethnic and religious divisions were further intensified by territorial disputes, which would continue until the twentieth Century. In addition, politics played a role in initiating the verbalise of war itself.The rivalry existed many years ago, except the war was aggravated by the changes in g overnance in two(prenominal) countries. The Iran-Iraq War was a violent combat between the aforementioned dry lands from September 1980 until August 1988. The conflict was just now stopped with the intervention of the United Nations. The bat tle turn out to be a long and tedious one, as the latent hostility between the countries lengthy for years. There were also countless casualties as a resoluteness of the disastrous occurrence. When the war ended, neither nation could truly be decl bed the victor.Both Iran and Iraq did non succeed in gaining new territories or political advantages. It is definitive to note that Iraq was the nation responsible for starting the war. However, the aggression of ibn Talal Hussein Hussein was not the main own of the wars occurrence. In fact, there is no single shake to be blamed for the war. The origins of the Iran-Iraq War are deeply rooted in ethnic, religious and territorial conflicts which date back from the seventh century it was exacerbated in the upstart era due to ambitions of dominance.This term paper aims to discuss the reasons behind the Iran-Iraq War on two accounts the dispute over the Shatt al-Arab river and the political tension caused by the Moslem Revolution and the rise of Baath regime. The Iran-Iraq War occurred because of various reasons. The conflict between the two nations voluminous was characterized by different conflicts. The tension that had long persisted between Iran and Iraq were caused by differences in religious beliefs and political positions, as well as disagreements on the echos (Iran Chamber Society ICS, 2009).The caper between the countries was fueled by the problems between the by- class opposing parties Sunnis and Shia Muslims, Arabs and Persians, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Saddam Hussein (Ehteshami Hinnebusch, 1997). Moreover, both Iran and Iraq sought to gain supremacy in the region (Brown, 2008). The Iranian-Iraq War which started in September 1980 was a testament to the extended conflict regarding the boundaries of their territories and their portion in the Shatt al-Arab river (Hunseler, 1984). The war was also a force of the struggle of both parties to become the most dominant and influential in the re gion.However, it is important to point out that there is a significant difference between the 1980 war and the conflicts prior to it. The early conflicts between Iran and Iraq were settled with the interference of European countries which only meddled to safeguard their respective interests. As for the 1980 war, both sides fought to preserve their own interests. No external power intervened with that war. Two main reasons why the conflict became prolonged are the mutual disputes over territory (especially the Shatt al-Arab) and the involvement of both sides in the domestic problems of the other (Hunseler, 1984).The Beginning of the Persian-Arab Conflict The origins of the conflict between Iran and Iraq started many centuries before both nations were established. It is important for one to be familiar with the history of the conflict why the 1980 war began in the first place. According to Hunseler (1984), the Iran-Iraq tension had its roots in the seventh century with the Arab-Persia n conflict. It was this centuries old rift which ignited the battle over the Shatt al-Arab. Persia stood out from the others because scorn world under the control of the Arabs, it retained its national identity (Hunseler, 1984).In AD 636, the Sassanids of Persia lost to the armies of Arab General Sad bin Abi Waqqas at the Battle of Qadisiya. Meanwhile, the Persian empire became dissolved in AD 642 due to the Battle of Nihawand. season they held on to their states culture and territorial honor, the Persian population embraced Islam in the later onmath of the collapse of the Persian Empire. The Arabs and the people they conquered viewed Islam and Arabism as a union. However, despite being under the influence of Islam, the culture of Persia cannot be restrained (Hunseler, 1984).An important thing to consider in understanding the history of Persia and its political and social introduction is what Hunseler (1984) called the juxtaposition of Persia and Islam (p. 8). The principle was said to pose been derived from the notion of the state based on Zoroastrianism. According to the Zoroastrian notion of a state, it must have the sideline a secularly-legitimized kingship, the survival of the Persian language and the proud awareness of a distinct Persian history (Hunseler, 1984, p. 8). After two centuries, the Sunni-Arab Abbasid caliphate had become interested in the Persian literature (Hunseler, 1984).In time, the Persian families which belonged to the caliphate of the Abbasids began to assume control by grabbing power repeatedly. From AD 954 until 1055, the Buyid dynasty possessed enough authority to manipulate politics in the western portion of Persia and Iraq. In addition, they also had the power to strictly limit the function of the caliphs of Abbasid to religion only. This was the reason why the legacy left by the Buyids in Iraq was considered as the conflict between Persianism and Arabism (Hunseler, 1984). In the 17th century, the Safavids in Persia declare d Shiism as the state religion (Hunseler, 1984).The Safavids exerted influence on Persia for 15 long years they stayed in the state from 1623 to 1638 (Hiro, 1991). The declaration was seen as Persias attempt to establish its boundaries and disperse itself from Arab nations while keeping the matters under the influence of Islam. Shiism became a crucial part of Islamic history, as it was the first to present a rift in the unified world of Islam. This was because Shiism founded itself in a separate state. The kings of the Safavids considered themselves as mainly secular leaders they assigned the religious functions to the theologians.In turn, the Shia ministers did not want to give up their posts which were assigned to them under the Safavid rule. virtually especially during the time of the Qajar leaders, the clergy were devoted money and land. The awarding of such gifts allowed them to be financially independent from the king it also gave them the opportunity to exert political inf luence. Meanwhile, no such similar progress had occurred in the Sunni Arab states (Hunseler, 1984). The Sunni-Shia Problem The existing Persian-Arab conflict had taken a complicated turn with the addition of yet other conflict the Sunni-Shia problem (Hunseler, 1984).The problem was not exactly about tension between the differing branches of Islam. Instead, there was antagonism due to the amount of influence that a particular religion has on the development of political power in the state. The conflict continues at present day, as there are still areas wherein the Arab communities consist of both Sunni and Shia factions (Hunseler, 1984). Those who head the Shia clergy in Arab countries such as Iraq and Bahrain found difficulty in assuming certain social positions (Hunseler, 1984).In Persia, the Shia clergy had no problems exerting influence in society because Shiism was revered with national significance. In addition, Shia leaders faced with two issues regarding loyalty. First, the y encouraged the spread of Shiism in states whose population were not exclusively Shia. Therefore, they became involved in the centuries-old conflict between the Shia and Sunni. Second, they were victims of the suspicions of Arab rulers who thought they were submitting to the influence of non-Arabs (Persians).They were often seen by their Arab counterparts as promoting non-Arab causes. This stead caused the Arab Shias to be constantly detached from their political leaders. The separation was also caused by doubt on secular leadership, as well as Shia millennialism (Hunseler, 1984). The Persian-Arab conflict and the attempts of both sides to become more dominant and influential than the other in the Middle East became evident in areas where the Sunni and Shia groups, and the Arabs and Persians, fought against each other (Hunseler, 1984).Even though the Persians and Arabs in the Arabian peninsula had the Persian-Arab Gulf to set them apart in terms of geography, the conflict in the end made itself apparent on the boundaries on land. This was the primary reason why the conflict persisted for many years both sides incessantly tried to acquire the territories of the other and the quest for a mutual parry dragged on (Hunseler, 1984). The Origin of the Conflict over the Shatt al-Arab The conflict between Iran and Iraq over the Shatt al-Arab river originated in the 17th century and began as the rift between the Ottoman Empire and Persia (Hunseler, 1984).The sultan of Turkey, Murad IV, captured Baghdad in 1638 and the initial resolution regarding the boundaries with Persia was drafted a year later. The Kurds and the Armenians occupied the north while the Arabs dominated the south. The term fell on areas wherein the tribes did not consider either the Persians or Turks as their masters. As a result, the border settlement was drafted with consideration to the tribes and the names of the places. The agreement also took in consideration the purpose of both parties to u nite the tribes of Istanbul or Esfahan.The Kurdish-Armenian boundary caused many conflicts after it was established, but order was always restored in reference to the 1639 resolution. Unfortunately, the 1639 agreement proved lacking in setting the boundaries in the Shatt al-Arab region. On one hand, Persians believed the river itself was a natural border. On the other hand, the Turks upheld the claim that the river belonged to the Ottoman Empire. According to the Turkish point of view, the Arab tribes which occupy both sides of the river are considered a single entity from Arabistan. Arabistan is part of the Ottoman Empire.Hence, the Shatt al-Arab was to be considered as under the possession of the Ottoman Empire (Hunseler, 1984). In the 19th Century, boundary problems continued. In 1823, a boundary problem surrounding the Muhammarah surfaced and Persians settled in the city (Hunseler, 1984). Both Russia and outstanding Britain extended their assistance on the matter. On May 15, 18 43, a boundary deputation was formed and gathered in Erzerum, a city in Turkey. The committee consisted of representatives from Turkey, Persia, Russia and Britain. A treaty was created on May 31, 1847, and contained three major(ip) guidelines.First, Muhammarah and its harbor, as well as Khidhr Island, were awarded to Persia. Meanwhile, Turkey was granted admission to Zuhab and Sulaymaniyah. Second, the committee was designated in situ to delineate the specific course of the boundary (Hunseler, 1984, p. 11). Lastly, the Ottoman Empire was given the entire Shatt al-Arab extending to the marker on the east, except for the territories mentioned above (Hunseler, 1984). The treaty of 1847 was rather ambiguous, and its inherent vagueness proved to be its biggest flaw (Hunseler, 1984).The treaty did not address the interrogative sentence of which nation had the responsibility over the eastern shore. While the Shatt al-Arab was placed under Turkish jurisdiction, the specifications of the border were not indicated. Turkey wanted to resolve the issue over the treatys vague statements regarding Arabistan/ Khuzistan. As a result, Russia and Great Britain included an explanatory note to assert that the problem raised by Turkey was not compromised by the treatys lack of clarity (Hunseler, 1984, p. 11). Turkey declined to approve the treaty until Persia hold the note as part of the treaty (Hunseler, 1984).Mirza Muhammad Ali Khan acknowledged the note and signed the treaty as a delegate of the Persia. After the Persian administration discovered the inclusion of the added note, it nullified the treaty and failed to approve it. They argued that the Persian representative had no power to sign the document (Hunseler, 1984). To address the issue, the boundary committee inspected the Turkish-Persian border from 1850 until 1852 (Hunseler, 1984). Unfortunately, the care was not able to do its job powerful because of the opposing claims of Turkish and Persian commissioners.Persia maintained that they were given the entire expanse found east of the Shatt al-Arab, while Turkey opposed the claim. The committee was unable to offer up a definite proposition to solve the problem. While the committee continued its efforts in the northern area of the Shatt al-Arab, the determination of the boundaries of the rivers region was postponed indefinitely (Hunseler, 1984). Persia was forbidding in its efforts to claim territories and continued to bring up its border issues in the succeeding years. Persia sought Russia and Britain to mediate on the border problem (Hunseler, 1984).Persia wanted to share control of the Shatt al-Arab with Turkey the state also wanted to discuss the rights with regards to the harbor. Unfortunately, Britain and Russia were not in agreeable terms since the mid-19th Century. Hence, both nations were not prepared to mediate in behalf of the Shatt al-Arab tension. On August 31, 1907, the Anglo-Russian convention had an agreement. This agreement di vided Persia into three separate zones. In the northern part of Persia, Russia maintained a sphere of influence. In the southerly area, Britain had its own sphere.Meanwhile, the middle area was considered as neutral ground. It was not until after this division was established that the Anglo-Russian concern for the Turkish-Persian border was revived (Hunseler, 1984). Russia became once again involved with Persian-Turkish affairs because it was specifically interested with the province of Azerbaijan in Persia (Hunseler, 1984). The interest was the result of strategic and economic factors in relation to Turkey. On the contrary, Britain was different from Russia because its interests were not moderate to Persia alone.Britain was also focused on the Turkish territory of the Shatt al-Arab because it played a crucial part in British interests in the Gulf area. In July 1911, an Anglo-Turkish mediation in attempt to come up with a resolution that would define the territorial claims and rig hts in the Arab-Persian Gulf region began. On July 29, 1913, the resolution was signed by Turkey and Britain. The agreement included the decisions regarding the status of Arab sheikdoms. The resolution also included the agreements about the Shatt al-Arab and its significance to the increasing British authority in Arabistan and Iraq.The resolution proved to be beneficial for Turkey, but only because Britain acted on it for its own advantage. Meanwhile, Russia was outraged by the Anglo-Turkish agreement and initially renounced it. Britain caught Russia by surprise by awarding the Shatt al-Arab in its entirety to Turkey. Russia had its own interests to protect in Shatt al-Arab and the Gulf area, and the agreement served as a hindrance to the Russian cause. However, Britain gave Russia the guarantee that it would offer assistance in the latter(prenominal)(prenominal)s interest in the northern section of the Turkish-Persian border.After Britain gave its guarantee, Russia acknowledged the Anglo-Turkish agreement (Hunseler, 1984). On December 21, 1911, Persian abroad Minister and Turkish representatives from capital of Iran gathered in Istanbul to create a boundary commission to resolve the Turkish-Persian border problem (Hunseler, 1984). The commission began to meet in March 1912 by August, the commission had convened a total of 18 times. In the beginning, the efforts of the commission seemed futile due to Persias disapproval of a specific note explicative of April 26, 1847 (Hunseler, 1984, p. 13).However, Russia exerted influence and Tehran was constrained to agree on the note on August 15, 1912. The early progress of the Turkish-Persian commission was accompanied by statements already found in the Four-Power Protocol of Constantinople go out on November 17, 1913. With regards to the area of the Shatt al-Arab, the definition of the border was determined in conformity with the Second Treaty of Erzerum of 1847. According to the treaty, the Shatt al-Arab is consider ed as a Turkish territory excluding the limitations concerning Abadan and Muhammarah. By November 1913, two-thirds of the border assignment was completed.The task of settling the complete boundary was given to a Four-Power Delimitation Commission. This commission had to define the border based on what was 1869s carte identique (Hunseler, 1984, p. 13). The commission started working in 1914. Unfortunately, the First World War broke out. The emergence of the war hindered Persia and Turkey from acknowledging the border (Hunseler, 1984). The Aftermath of World War I The Iranian-Iraq Disagreement on the Shatt al-Arab The conflict and rivalry between Iran and Iraq officially started after the First World War (Hunseler, 1984).The outcome of the war significantly adapted the issue over the borders concerning the Shatt al-Arab. Hunseler (1984) explained The British mandate of Iraq, which had come about in Mesopotamia, entered into the Turkish boundary claims against Iran, although it also im pinged upon British navigational privileges on the Shatt al-Arab (p. 14). The aftermath of the Great War also allowed Iran to experience a dramatic political transformation. In 1921, Muhammad Reza Khan came into power. Under his reign, Iran became resistant to the established agreements regarding the Shatt al-Arab (Hunseler, 1984).It was also in 1921 when Khazal, the Sheik of Muhammarah, lost. Khazal was a known supporter of the British cause. With his defeat, Iran was granted the opportunity to fervently defend its own interests on the Shatt al-Arab conflict. Due to the new found empowerment of Iran, Britain was short placed in a position wherein it should implement its rules without putting its Iranian interests in jeopardy (Hunseler, 1984). Meanwhile, Iraq asserted its control over the Shatt al-Arab (Hunseler, 1984). Due to the claim, Iran declined to recognize the state of Iraq.In 1929, Iran did give diplomatic recognition to Iraq, but only because it sought to gain the attenti on of Britain. Iran hoped that by acknowledging Iraq as a state, Britain would be sympathetic towards the Iranian cause. Britain was still interested in Iran because of economic reasons the former is involved with the latter through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Moreover, Britain was still interested with the Shatt al-Arab issue. This was because it could provide the British complete find to the refineries located in Abadan. On August 11, 1929, the Iranian and Iraqi governments had interchanged several notes.This exchange gave way to the establishment of a temporary arrangement to manage the traffic between the two states involved. The arrangement included settlements on trade and navigation. However, the negotiations failed because Iraq and Britain refused to recognize the jurisdiction of Iran on the half of the river (Hunseler, 1984). When Britain decided to remove its authority on Iraq and disruption away from their alliance in 1930, it imposed the right of the British navy t o pass through the Shatt al-Arab anytime, regardless if it was wartime or peacetime (Hunseler, 1984).However, Iran had no intention in being involved in a peaceful settlement. The Iranian government also declined to accept the legitimacy of the border. On March 25, 1924, Iran announced its non-acceptance of determination of the boundary as stated in the Constantinople Protocol. The Iranian government also refused to recognize similar settlements created on September 20 and December 2 in 1931. The situation decline when Iran sent four gunboats to pass through Shatt al-Arab and proceed until Muhammarah.Due to this incident, problems regarding the pilot and the flags of the ships were added to the already intense conflict (Hunseler, 1984). The boundary issue as well as the flag and pilot inquiries which remained unanswered increased the tension surrounding the conflict (Hunseler, 1984). On November 29, 1934, the Iranian government was forced to seek assistance from the League of Natio ns in an effort to address the problem. Unfortunately, the League of Nations and the representatives it sent failed to bring any positive change in the current situation.The only thing which provided temporary resolution to the problem was the Middle East pact of 1935, which Iran had introduced with the help of Turkey. The pact presented an opportunity wherein all points of disagreement could be settled. On July 4, 1937, a treaty on the Iranian-Iraqi border was hold upon in Tehran. The treaty upheld the conditions indicated in the 1913/14 Protocols of Constantinople. According to the treaty, the Iran-Iraq border would remain along the east bank of the Shatt al-Arab. There were specific considerations made for Abadan and Muhammarah. Iran was also awarded an anchorage zone in Abadan which was four miles long.In addition, the treaty rendered the river as open territory, as it allowed access to naval ships of Iran and Iraq and traders of all countries. A transit fee was imposed, but t his would be utilized for purposes of maintenance as well as the development of the shipping lanes in the river. In another decision, both sides agreed to accept the protocol within two years after the agreement had been reached (Hunseler, 1984). The adoption of the covenant was not implemented (Hunseler, 1984). On December 8, 1938, the commission in charge of the Iranian-Iraqi boundary started working on the confluence of the Shatt al-Arab and the Khayeen.The efforts of the commission were stalled by opposing translations of the treaty and the definite determination of the border. The Iranian government submitted suggestions regarding the balance of power between Iran and Iraq with regards to administer and safeguarding the Shatt al-Arab shipping lanes. Meanwhile, the Iraqi administration saw this move as a threat to the sovereignty of the Iraqis on the river (Hunseler, 1984). In the 1950s, Iran and Iraq had another opportunity to resolve their issues regarding the Shatt al-Arab border (Hunseler, 1984).In 1955, both countries, along with Britain, Pakistan and Turkey agreed upon the Baghdad Pact (Karsh, 2002). This pact was initiated by the West and was established to strengthen defense and pledge in the region. In October 1957, King Faisal of Iraq paid a state visit to Iran (Hunseler, 1984). In this encounter, both nations reached an agreement regarding the Shatt al-Arab problem. Iran and Iraq agreed on two points. First, there leave behind be a commission to be based in Baghdad which is assigned to work out the details of the joint supervision of the Shatt al-Arab.Second, a Swedish adjudicator will be in charge of delineating the border this arbitrator is to be situated in Tehran and must work with the joint commission. Once again, an agreement between Iran and Iraq was hindered by yet another occurrence. On July 14, 1958, a revolution broke out in Baghdad (Hunseler, 1984). The change in Iraqi governance eventually disrupted the recently resumed developm ent of Iranian-Iraqi ties (Hunseler, 1984). Also, the political change once again awakened the border conflict on the Shatt al-Arab and the land borders.Four short months after General Abd al-Karim took control, the revolutionary administration of Iraq declared that they would extend their claim on the river to 12 miles. On November 28, 1959, Iranian Shah Reza Pahlevi revived their request to have the border line of the river drawn along the middle. He justified his guide on grounds of Iraqs clear violation of the 1937 treaty. He also argued that because they were already in the 20th Century, a river which served as a boundary such as Shatt alArab cannot be attached to the absolute sovereignty of either nation.General Qasim addressed the demand of the shah with another demand. Iraq sought to regain the anchorage zone awarded to Iran in the 1937 treaty. Despite their counter demand, Qasim still wanted to resolve the dispute through peaceful means. Iraq was free to withdraw their cl aim of the anchorage zone if Iran would acknowledge the Iraqs demands on the river and the treaty of 1937. The peaceful settlement was not reached. On December 10, 1959, Abbas Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Aram declined Iraqs offer.Nine days later, General Qasim reasserted Iraqs legal right to the anchorage zone without insisting on its return. He also appealed for Iran to order the early treaties. General Qasim suggested that they could address the problem with the help of the United Nations. However, Iran provoked Iraq again when the local newspaper Ettelaat stated that the existence of Iraq was in any event a historical misunderstanding and the whole of Iraq a Persian province (as cited in Hunseler, 1984, p. 17). An armed struggle between Iran and Iraq was quelled before the further tension could develop.On March 5, 1959, Iran became involved with the United States in a defense settlement (Hunseler, 1984). Soon after, Iran felt coerced by Russia. Iran had reasons to be concerne d. It was threatened by Soviet influence and the possible circulation of further revolutionary ideals. Meanwhile, Iraq was also concerned with the threat of the United Arab Republic, a state established in 1958 as a result of the merger between Syria and Egypt. Abd al-Karim Qasim was frightened that Syria might provide assistance to Iraqi Nasserites if and when a war with Iran occurs.Hence, there was no real war between both parties at that time. The tension manifested itself through a media war between Iran and Iraq (Hunseler, 1984). In 1967, Britain declared its wishes to pull out from the Gulf area. Prime Minister Harold Wilson expressed the desire of the British administration to remove its military troops located east of Suez (as cited in Hunseler, 1984, p. 17). With this announcement, Iran wanted to replace British forces with their own troops on the bit of the latters departure (Hunseler, 1984).The 1967 blockage of the Suez Canal was a welcome development, as it prevented S oviet activity in the Gulf region. In terms of security concerns, Iran wanted to unify and lead the Arab countries in the region. The supposed partnership had the goal of preventing the spread of Soviet control and power of revolutionary nations and factions, such as sulphur Yemen and Iraq. The Arab countries in the Gulf were cautious in dealing with Iran. While they were hesitant to collaborate with Iran which was associated with Israel, they did not want to create a rift among the states (Hunseler, 1984).Iran continued to potently pursue its ambition of becoming an unshakeable force in the Gulf region (Hunseler, 1984). In 1969, it condemned the 1937 treaty. The shah knew that if Iran wanted to govern and manipulate the shipping lanes in the Gulf, it must have exclusive control of the river. This move would also liberate the Iranian ports on Abadan and Khorramshahr from Iraqi jurisdiction. On one instance, an Iranian vessel sailed despite the absence of an Iraqi pilot. It departe d from the Khorramshahr port with the assistance of Iranian patrol vessels and successfully arrived at the Persian-Arab Gulf.Iraq was aware of the violation, but it did not wage a war against Iran due to the impuissance of the military (Hunseler, 1984). After 1972, the shah became more determined to cripple Iraq. After the completion of the Iraqi-Soviet friendship treaty, the Shah approached American President Richard Nixon to ask for assistance in the Kurdish cause in Iraq (Hunseler, 1984). This action was done with the objective of weakening the Iraqi army through an attack on its internal disputes. In August 1972, another rise emerged in Kurdistan.The Iraqi administration and Kurdish chief Mullah Mustafa Barzani met in March 1970 and agreed on the autonomy of Kurdistan beginning in 1974. However, the agreement was threatened by the support of Iran and the United States for Barzani. Because of this, the Kurdish insurgents continued to hold on to their weapons and proceed with the obliging war. Meanwhile, the Iraqi forces benefited from the Iraqi-Soviet friendship treaty, for it allowed for a steady supply of ammunition from Russia. The weapons were implemental in guaranteeing the military success of Iraq.Nevertheless, the malfunctioning of the armys weapons and the failure of the Soviet Union to provide more ammunition endangered the progress Iraq had in its fight against the Kurds. In the early part of March 1975, the Iraqi government was prompted to consider Irans proposition that it would refrain from supporting the Kurds if the former would approve the latters suggestion to resolve the border issue by placing the border line along the thalweg (Hunseler, 1984). On June 13, 1975, Iran and Iraq agreed on yet another treaty in Baghdad (Hunseler, 1984).The treaty consisted of four crucial agreements. First, the boundaries will be definitely marked based on the Constantinople Protocol of 1913 and the 1914 proposal created by the committee regarding the esta blishment of the boundary. Second, the river boundaries would be situated in the middle, or the thalweg. According to Willet (2004), the thalweg was the central deepest part of the river (p. 7). Third, there are two things to be rebuilt the mutual religious belief between both nations as well as the security of the land boundaries they shared.Also, the invasion on both sides will be stopped. Lastly, the problem will be settled upon with the acknowledgement of the aforementioned points. When Iraq signed the treaty, the country accepted the thalweg agreement for the first time. After five years, it became evident that the said recognition was merely the result of coercion from Irans side. The acceptance of Iraq was also caused by the failure of the Soviet Union to provide weapons. Nonetheless, the compromise made regarding the Shatt al-Arab paved the way for the Kurdish civil war to stop.Meanwhile, the relevance of the river in terms of Iranian strategy was relatively reduced. This w as because Iran transferred its navy from Khorramshahr to the Bandar Abbas port in August 1978 (Hunseler, 1984). The Iran-Iraq War from a Political positioning The dispute over the borders and boundaries of the river of Shatt al-Arab was instrumental in the emergence of the war between Iran and Iraq in 1980. While the territorial conflicts played a crucial role in causing the war, the political conditions in both countries must also be considered as initiators.The transition in the governments helped influence the leaders on how to deal with the Shatt al-Arab issue. In Iran, there was a dramatic shift in leadership as the Shah was removed from power through a revolution led by a radical Muslim. In Iraq, several coups have altered governance while the rise of the Baath Socialist Party to power resulted in the domination of Saddam Hussein. Both countries longed to dominate the other and emerge as the most powerful in the region (Jacoby, 2008). The Iranian-Iraqi situation under the Ru le of the ShahIn the 1970s, the tension between Iran and Iraq was heightened (Karsh, 2002). This was because of the Shah of Iran, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, became aggressive and tried to present Iran as the dominant force in the Persian Gulf. The Shah had been governing the Iran for decades. However, he was temporarily overthrown from power. In 1953, the head of the Iranian fantan started a coup to remove the Shah (Willett, 2004). The coup succeeded and Pahlavi vacated the Iranian leadership for a brief time. However, the United States